تقييم نهج حل النزاعات البيئية : مقاربات نظرية وتطبيقية من المنطقة العربية
محتوى المقال
الملخص
تناولت هذه الدراسة الأهمية المتزايدة للبُعد البيئي في متغيرات الأمن، في إطار العلاقة الارتباطية بين البيئة والأمن، ولا سيما في المنطقة العربية؛ حيث غالبًا ما تكون النزاعات المسلحة مدفوعة بالتنافس على الموارد مثل: المياه والنفط والذهب. وعندما تُستغل هذه القضايا البيئية كسلاح، فإنها تعرقل جهود حل النزاعات، وتشكل تهديدات خطيرة للأمن القومي والأمن الإنساني بمعناه الأوسع على حد سواء.
كما تناولت فاعليَّة نهج حل النزاعات البيئية (ECR) الذي يندرج ضمن الإطار الأوسع لبناء السلام البيئي. باستخدام منهجية دراسة الحالة النوعية التي تحلل المصادر الثانوية ووثائق السياسات وقرارات الأمم المتحدة.
وتوضح دراسات الحالة، مثل: النزاع بين السودان وجنوب السودان والصراع العربي الإسرائيلي حول الموارد المائية، كيف تم تطبيق أطر عمل حل النزاعات البيئية؛ لتعزيز التعاون في تقاسم الموارد والإدارة البيئية. كما تستكشف الدراسة الروابط بين التهديدات البيئية والآثار الأمنية على الدول الهشة، مؤكدة أهمية تبني إستراتيجيات حل النزاعات المتكاملة التي تشمل الإدارة البيئية.
وألقت الأدلة التجريبية المستمدة من حالتي السودان وجنوب السودان والصراع العربي الإسرائيلي الضوء على محدودية فاعلية نهج حل النزاعات البيئية في ظل غياب العوامل والظروف المعززة لنجاحها. ومن ثم، فإن نهج حل النزاعات البيئية ضروري، ولكنه غير كافٍ لتحقيق السلام على المدى الطويل؛ وينبغي دمجه في إستراتيجيات شاملة لبناء السلام لمعالجة القضايا والأبعاد السياسية والاقتصادية والمسببات الكامنة التي تؤجج الصراع وتُزيده تعقيدًا.
الكلمات المفتاحية
الدراسات الأمنية، حل النزاعات البيئية، الصراعات البيئية، بناء السلام البيئي، ترابط البيئة والأمن، حوكمة الموارد الطبيعية
التنزيلات
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